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Physical Punishment

  • R. McGowen, ‘From Pillory to Gallows: The Punishment of Forgery in the Age of the Financial Revolution’, Past and Present, 165 (1999), pp. 107–140.
  • Robert Shoemaker, The London Mob: Violence and Disorder in Eighteenth-Century England
  • R. B. Shoemaker, ‘Streets of Shame? The Crowd and Public Punishments in London, 1700-1820’, in S. Devereaux and P. Griffiths (eds), Penal Practice and Culture, 1500-1900: Punishing the English
  • G. T. Smith, ‘Civilised People Don't Want to See That Kind of Thing: The Decline of Public Physical Punishment in London, 1760-1840’, in C. Strange (ed.), Qualities of Mercy