The Maillard Reaction in biomedical research

Disease mechanisms and therapeutics

Historical perspective

Physiological formation and processing of glycation adducts

• Glycation of proteins - fructosamines, AGEs and ALEs
• Glycation of nucleotides
• Glycation of basic phospholipids
• Enzymatic defences against glycation
• Genetic susceptibility to glycation - evidence frm twin studies

Glycation in disease

• Diabetes and diabetic complications
• Kidney failure and dialysis
• Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease
• Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders
• Liver cirrhosis
• Arthritis and inflammatory disease
• Other diseases

Drug design, development and therapeutics

Overview

Inhibition of glycation as primary pharmacological activity

• Aminoguanidine (Pimagedine)
• Thiazolium derivatives "AGE breakers"
• Pyridoxamine
• Thiamine and Benfotiamine
• Carnosine
• Other glycation inhibitors

Inhibition of glycation as secondary pharmacological activity

• Metformin
• Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• Other therapeutics with anti-glycation activity

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