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QPP events catalogue

This page provides a list of currently known flaring Quasi-Periodic Pulsation (QPP) events, with links to relevant articles. Although we have tried to make this list as complete as possible, there will inevitably be gaps. This list will be regularly updated, and feedback is welcome.

Also available is a separate list of Doppler shift oscillations observed with the BCS on Yohkoh, compiled by John T. Mariska. Additionally a study of X-class flares using RHESSI data by Philip Crockett yielded this list of suspected QPP events. Also, 25 QPP events observed with OSO-5 in X-rays in 1969-1971, with periods in the range 10-100 s, are summarised in Lipa, Solar Phys., 57, 191, 1978.

Automated Flare Inference of Oscillations (AFINO, supported by Dr A Inglis) uses a model comparison technique to analyse the Fourier Power Spectral Density (PSD) of solar flares in GOES 1-8A X-ray data.

Theoretically, QPP in solar flares can be either linked to MHD oscillations in the flaring region or in an external coronal plasma structure, or be connected with periodic regimes of magnetic reconnection, or perhaps with some combination of these mechanisms. In both cases, the oscillations provide us with a powerful tool for the diagnostics of the physical parameters in and about the flare sites, and of the physical processes operating in them. Recent reviews of physical mechanisms for the generation of flaring QPP can be found in Nakariakov 2007; Nakariakov & Melnikov 2009, Van Doorsselaere et al. 2016, McLaughlin et al. 2018, Kupriyanova et al. 2020. Most popular mechanisms are summarised in the sketch:

 

(see Kupriyanova et al. 2020 for description.)

Statistics of 278 events reported in the literature and summarised in this catalogue:

(as it was on 2017, see McLaughlin et al. 2018 for details).

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 Event Date
Time Start  Time End
Flare Class Observed Periods  Bands Observed  Related Publications
 
05 September 2017

01:06 UT

07:04 UT

01:09 UT

07:07 UT

 

in rise and impulsive phases
P ≈ 65 s, P ≈ 40 s (non-stationary)

in rise and impulsive phases
Drifting from 35 s to 20 s (non-stationary)

SRH-48 4–8 GHz

SRH-48 4–8 GHz

   
14 July 2017

01:30 UT

   

P ≈ 180 s, P ≈ 380 s (non-stationary)

SRH-48 4–8 GHz

   
16 October 2015 10:13 UT 10:24 UT C3.1 ~32-42 s SXR , IRIS SiIV Zhang et al., 2016  
29 September 2015 05:05   M2.9

27.2 s

21.4 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
21 September 2015 01:57 UT 02:08 UT C4.2

13 s in non-thermal
emission

26 s in thermal emission

12–300 keV

4.9–34 GHz

GOES SXR flux derivative

AIA 304 Å

Kumar et al. 2017  
11 June 2015 08:49   M1.0

10 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
06 May 2015 11:45 UT   M1.9

237.7 s

5 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
05 May 2015 13:45   M1.2

21 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
12 March 2015 21:44   M2.7

15 s

28.3 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
12 March 2015 11:40 UT 12:08 UT M1.6 ~25 s

IRIS Fe XXI and Si IV, GOES 1-8 angstrom

Tian et al. 2016

 
30 October 2014 00:34 UT 00:40 UT M1.3 6.1 s

HXR Vernov-RELEC, Fermi/GBM

Myagkova et al. 2016

 
29 October 2014 21:18   M2.3 7 s

GOES 1-8 Å,

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

HXR Vernov-RELEC, RHESSI

Inglis et al. 2016

Myagkova et al. 2016

 
27 October 2014 00:06 UT 00:44 UT M7.1 ~50 s, ~100 s

EUV/UV, SXR/HXR, microwave

Li et al., 2017

 
20 Oct 2014 18:55 UT 19:04 UT M1.4

9 s

27. 6 s, 42.6 s, 51 s

HXR Vernov-RELEC,

RHESSI, Konus-Wind

3–12 keV RHESSI

Myagkova et al. 2016

Cho et al. 2016

 
19 Oct 2014 04:00 09:11 X1.1

53.7 s

24.4, 45.4 s

GOES 1-8 A

GOES 0.5-4 A

Pugh et al. 2017

 
19 Oct 2014 01:17 03:42 C5.7

79.5 s

24.9 s

GOES 0.5-4 A

NoRH 17 GHz

Pugh et al. 2017

 
18 Oct 2014 18:59 UT 19:33 UT C3.8

6 s

8 s

HXR Vernov-RELEC, Konus-Wind

NoRH 17 GHz

Myagkova et al. 2016

Pugh et al. 2017

 
17 Oct 2014 15:35 15:46 C6.7 22.1 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Pugh et al. 2017

 
17 Oct 2014 04:58 05:48 C6.6 39.2 s

NoRH 17 GHz

Pugh et al. 2017

 
16 Oct 2014 12:58 UT 13:05 UT M4.3 8.2 s

HXR Vernov-RELEC,

RHESSI

Myagkova et al. 2016

 
09 October 2014 06:48   M1.2

30 s

37 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016

 
09 October 2014 01:30   M1.3 12 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016

 
24 Sept 2014 17:45 UT 17:52 UT C7.0 8.2 s

HXR Vernov-RELEC,

RHESSI, Konus-Wind

Myagkova et al. 2016

Pugh et al. 2017

 
23 Sept 2014 23:05 00:20 M2.3 41.2 s

GOES 0.5-4 A

Pugh et al. 2017

 
10 September 2014 17:32 UT 17:56 UT X1.6

1 min,

4 min

80 – 112 s

27, 37 s

27, 46, 60 s

80 s

EUV, SXR

Fermi Gamma-ray, IRIS

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM 12-51 keV

Fermi/GBM 51-102 keV

Fermi/GBM 102-296 keV

Li & Jang 2015

Li et al. 2015

Ning 2017

Simões et al. 2015

Li & Zhang 2017

 
14 June 2014      

21.5 s, 102 s, 125 s

3–12 keV RHESSI

Cho et al. 2016

 
12 June 2014 09:23   M1.8

12 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016

 
11 June 2014     X1.0

11 – 14 s

609 s

20.5 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Balmer continuum

3–12 keV RHESSI

Simões et al. 2015

Zapiór et al. 2016

Cho et al. 2016

 
10 June 2014     X2.2

24 – 45 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
10 June 2014     X1.5

26 – 35 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
06 June 2014 19:26   M1.4

8 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016

 
08 May 2014 09:59   M5.2

27 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016

 
25 April 2014     X1.3

17 – 48 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
18 April 2014 12:31 UT 13:16 UT M7.3 ~171 s down to ~95 s IRIS C I, Si IV, O IV Brosius & Daw 2015  
29 March 2014 17:45 UT 18:00 UT X1.0

8 – 56 s (near max)

74–80 s (in tail)

GOES 1-8 Å

RHESSI 3-12 keV flux, temperature, EM; RSTN 15.4 GHz

Simões et al. 2015

Kupriyanova et al., 2019

 
12 March 2014 12:29   M9.3 12 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
10 Mar 2014       25 s 3–12 keV RHESSI Cho et al. 2016  
09 Mar 2014       69 s 3–12 keV RHESSI Cho et al. 2016  
28 Feb 2014       28 s 3–12 keV RHESSI Cho et al. 2016  
25 Feb 2014     X4.9

12 – 40 s

60 s

GOES 1-8 Å

3–12 keV RHESSI

Simões et al. 2015

Cho et al. 2016

 
24 Feb 2014       40 s 3–12 keV RHESSI Cho et al. 2016  
14 February 2014 12:29   M1.6

17 s

22.6

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

3–12 keV RHESSI

Inglis et al. 2016

Cho et al. 2016

 
13 Feb 2014       120 s 3–12 keV RHESSI Cho et al. 2016  
07 Feb 2014       43.2 s 3–12 keV RHESSI Cho et al. 2016  
06 Feb 2014       32.4 s 3–12 keV RHESSI Cho et al. 2016  
               
28 January 2014 11:34   M1.4 10 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
07 Jan 2014     X1.2

9 – 18 s

54 s

GOES 1-8 Å

3–12 keV RHESSI

Simões et al. 2015

Cho et al. 2016

 
29 December 2013 07:49   M3.1 14.5 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
19 November 2013     X1.0 12 – 26 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
10 November 2013     X1.1 18 – 22 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
08 November 2013     X1.1 10 – 18 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
07 November 2013 03:34   M2.3 13 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
05 November 2013 18:08   M1.0

14.3 s

9.3 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
05 November 2013 08:12   M2.5 17 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
05 November 2013     X3.3 9 – 12 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
29 October 2013     X2.3 24 – 54 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
28 October 2013 01:55 UT 02:20 UT X1.0

20-70 s (therm)

20 s (non-thermal)

55 s (non-thermal)

17-24 s (therm)

GOES, Proba-2 Lyra, Fermi GBM, NoRH

GOES 1-8 Å

Hayes et al. 2016

Simões et al. 2015

 
27 October 2013 12:36   M3.5

16.8 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
25 October 2013     X1.7

11 – 25 s

GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
25 October 2013     X2.1

10 – 18 s

GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
20 July 2013 03:34 UT 03:44 UT C2.1 202 s, rapid decay 6–12 keV; EUV Kumar, Nakariakov, Cho 2015  
15 May 2013     X1.2 35 – 57 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
14 May 2013 00:00 UT 02:00 UT X3.2

15, 45, and 100 s

53 s, 72 s

16 – 29 s

17 GHz

SXR, RHESSI

GOES 1-8 Å

Kolotkov et al. 2015

Chowdhary et al. 2015

Dennis et al. 2017

Simões et al. 2015

 
13 May 2013     X1.7

17 – 45 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
13 May 2013     X2.8

19 – 31 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
11 April 2013 06:55   M6.5

67.9 s

9.4 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016

 
11 March 2013 06:51 UT 06:57 UT ?

6.4s in a group of Type III radio bursts

85–35 MHz Gauribidanur Observatory

Sasikumar Raja & Ramesh 2013

 
18 January 2013 07:00 UT 07:03 UT ? 4.8s in a group of Type III radio bursts 85–35 MHz Gauribidanur Observatory Sasikumar Raja & Ramesh 2013  
11 January 2013 08:43   M1.2 45 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
23 October 2012     X1.8 10 – 14 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
22 October 2012 18:38   M5.0 14 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
20 September 2012 06:36 UT 06:39 UT ? 4.5s in a group of Type III radio bursts 85–35 MHz Gauribidanur Observatory Sasikumar Raja & Ramesh 2013  
18 Aug 2012 03:19 03:24 M1.8 8-33 s 3.75-34 GHz Altyntsev et al. 2016  
19 July 2012     M7.7 270 s 17 GHz, 20-50 keV, 0.7-3 GHz Huang et al. 2016  
12 July 2012     X1.4 70 – 106 s GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
06 July 2012 23:08 23:14 X1.1

22 s

12 – 25 s

SXR, microwave, EUV, radio

GOES 1-8 Å

Huang et al. 2014

Simões et al. 2015

Inglis et al. 2016

 
05 July 2012 03:25   M4.7

8 s

5.2 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
04 July 2012 09:47   M5.3

7.3 s

10 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
23 March 2012 19:34   M1.0 11 s GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
13 Mar 2012 17:12   M7.9

120.6 s

116.3 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
09 Mar 2012 03:25 UT 03:52 UT M6.4

60 s

65.8 s

69.3 s

SXR, EUV 94 and 335 Å

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Simões et al. 2013

Inglis et al. 2016

 
07 March 2012     X5.4

20 – 26 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
05 March 2012     X1.1

30 – 54 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
08 March 2012 08:40 08:42 C6.8 7.5 s

4 – 8 GHz SSRT,

HXR Fermi

Zhdanov et al. 2013  
27 January 2012     X1.7 65 – 99 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015  
06 November 2011 06:14   M1.4

33.1 s

7.3 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
03 Nov 2011     X1.9

10 – 25 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015  
02 October 2011 00:37   M3.9

36.7 s

45.2 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
24 Sept 2011     X1.9

10 – 34 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015  
23-24 September 2011 23:48 UT 00:04 UT M1.9

~3 min

11.9 s

13.6 s

RHESSI HXR (25-50 keV), AIA EUV, Nobeyama (25-610 MHz, 2-17 GHz)

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Kumar, Nakariakov & Cho 2016

Inglis et al. 2016

 
22 Sept 2011     X1.4

25 – 80 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
07 Sept 2011     X1.8

10 – 37 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
06 Sept2011     X2.1

12 – 23 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
09 August 2011     X6.9

14 – 46 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Simões et al. 2015

 
07 June 2011 06:21 UT 06:41 UT   about 1 min, not studied HXR (RHESSI, Fermi GRBM) Inglis & Hilbert 2013  
14 Apr 2011 09:38 09:49 C2.3 34 min and 23 min 29 MHz, 25 MHz, 22 MHz, and 14 MHz Zaqarashvili et al. 2013  
14 March 2011 19:30   M4.2

8.2 s

8.1 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
09 March 2011     X1.5

10 – 30 s

GOES 1-8 Å Simões et al. 2015  
08 March 2011 02:24   M1.3

11.3 s

4.6 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
07 March 2011 07:59   M1.4

4.8 s

30.6 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
07 March 2011 21:45   M1.5

15.5 s

13.7 s

GOES 1-8 Å

Fermi/GBM, 15-25 keV

Inglis et al. 2016  
15 February 2011 01:44 UT 02:20 UT X2.2

8-32 s

3 min

PROBA2/LYRA, HXR (RHESSI), NoRP (9 and 17 GHz), NoRH, SDO/EVE/ESP

GOES/EUVS, Ly_alpha, EVE 912A

Dolla et al. 2012

Simões et al. 2015

Tan & Tan 2012

Milligan et al. 2017

 
5 July 2009 07:10:55 UT 07:12:35 UT C2.7

12 s

15 s

hard X-ray (RT-2 CORONAS PHOTON) Rao et al. 2010  
2 June 2007 06:05 06:40 M2.5 about 100 s, modulated NoRH 17 GHz Kupriyanova et al. 2014  
10 September 2005 21:30 22:43 X2.1 8.2 s RHESSI 50-100 keV Kuznetsov et al. 2016  
22 August 2005 00:44:00 UT 02:18:00 UT M2.6 240s; or from 2..5-5 min 25-50 keV X-rays (RHESSI), 17GHz, 34 GHz NoRH

Y. P. Li and W. Q. Gan, 2008 Reznikova, V. E. & Shibasaki, K. 2011

Liu et al. 2015

 
06 May 2005 03:07 UT   C9.3 40 – 50 s microwaves, hard X-rays, and type III

Kupriyanova et al. 2016

 
28 April 2005 02:30 UT 02:40 UT C3.0 180 s NoRH 17 GHz Sych et al. 2009  
19 January 2005 08:05:00 UT 08:30:00 UT X1.3 2-4 min X-rays (RHESSI)

Ofman and Sui 2006 ;

Nakariakov et al. 2006;

Zimovets & Struminsky 2009

Kuznetsov et al. 2016

 
17 January 2005 06:59 10:07 X3.8 80-110 s RHESSI 50-100 keV

Kuznetsov et al. 2016

 
15 January 2005 22:25 23:31 X2.6 400 s RHESSI 50-100 keV

Kuznetsov et al. 2016

 
01 January 2005 00:28:00 UT 00:31:00 UT X1.7

40 s,

perhaps 13 s

hard X-ray (RHESSI); 17GHz and 34 GHz (NoRH) and gamma 2-6 MeV (CORONAS-F/SONG) Nakariakov et al. 2010  
4 November 2004 22:53 23:26 M5.4

50-130 s

RHESSI 50-100 keV Kuznetsov et al. 2016  
22 July 2004 00:15 UT 00:30 UT M9.1

19 s,

27 s

17 GHz, 34 GHz, NoRP, NoRH Kupriyanova et al. 2010; Zimovets et al. 2013;  
20 July 2004 12:22 UT 12:36 UT M8.6 10 s, 12 s mm, dm radio (Bumishus, ETHZ Phoenix-2, GBSRBS, NRH) Kallunki, J.; Pohjolainen, S. 2012  
21 May 2004 max: 23:50   -

26 up to 38 s

38 down to 26 s

40 up to 60

Microwave (Nobeyama) Kupriyanova et al. 2010  
13 July 2004 00:08 UT 00:30 UT M6.7 about 20-30s about 17 GHz NoRP Pohjolainen, S.; Hori, K.; Sakurai, T. 2008 (Oscillations were not analysed in the paper)  
04 November 2003 19:40 UT 20:00 UT   from one pulse every few seconds to 8-10 per second; also, visually, 1.5 min 212 and 405 GHz Zaitsev et al. 2014Kaufmann et al. 2009  
03 November 2003 09:45:00 UT 10:00:00 UT X3.9 ? X-rays (RHESSI), Radio (Nancay Radioheliograph, Radio Solar Telescope Network) Dauphin et al. 2005  
27 October 2003 max: 01:35   C6.2 11 s Microwave (Nobeyama) Kupriyanova et al. 2010  
15 June 2003 23:25 UT 23:46 UT X1.3 10, 15 and 19 s 1-18 GHz OVSA, 17 GHz NoRH, NoRP Fleishman et al. 2008  
29 May 2003 01:01:00 UT 01:05:00 UT X1.2 1 min X-rays (RHESSI) ; ACS INTEGRAL; 17 GHz, 35GHz NoRH

Ning 2007 ;

Minoshima et al. 2008

(QPP not analysed)

Zimovets & Struminsky 2009

 
17 March 2003 max: 00:59     5 s Microwave (Nobeyama)

Kupriyanova et al. 2010

 
5-6 February 2003 21:00:00 UT 03:00:00 UT C2.1, C2.2, C3.4 8-12 min X-rays (RHESSI) Foullon et al. 2006  
26 December 2002 04:48 UT 05:04 UT B8.1 2 min, 25 s SXR,3-6 keV (RHESSI) Ning, Z., 2014  
9 November 2002 13:08 13:36 M4.6 25-40 s RHESSI 50-100 keV Kuznetsov et al. 2016  
20 October 2002 14:22:00 UT 14:36:00 UT M1.8 16s, 36s

8-12 keV, 25-50 keV (RHESSI)

Radio (RSTN)

Zimovets & Struminsky 2010  
28 August 2002 21:43 21:45  

10 s

also 17 s in SXR

1–18 GHz, OVSA

HXR RHESSI

Mossessian & Fleishman 2012  
24 August 2002 00:59:00 UT 01:08:00 UT X3.1 about 20 s

17 GHz, 34 GHz NoRH; 64–180 keV and 180–600 keV of CORONAS-F/SONG

Reznikova et al. 2009 (Oscs were not analysed; NoRH data were saturated)  
21 August 2002 01:35 01:45 M1.4 26-28 s

RHESSI 50-100 keV

Kuznetsov et al. 2016  
12 August 2002 max: 02:17     12.5 s

Microwave (Nobeyama)

Kupriyanova et al. 2013  
28 July 2002 max: 23:01   M2.2 8 s

Microwave (Nobeyama)

Kupriyanova et al. 2010  
20 July 2002 21:27 21:33  

22 s,

13 s

1–18 GHz, OVSA

Mossessian & Fleishman 2012  
18 July 2002 Max: 03:32   M2.2

9 s

17 s

Microwave (Nobeyama)

Kupriyanova et al. 2010  
03 July 2002 02:09:00 UT 02:15:00 UT X1.5 11s, 18s, 28s Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (RHESSI)

Inglis and Nakariakov, 2009

Kupriyanova et al. 2013

 
31 May 2002 Max: 00:07:25   M2.4 16-->9 s Microwave (Nobeyama)

Kupriyanova et al. 2010

 
14 March 2002 01:41 UT 01:49 UT M5.7 12.5 s, 27 down to 9 s 17 GHz, 34 GHz, NoRH, NoRP; 6-12 keV, 25-50 keV RHESSI

Kupriyanova et al. 2010; Zimovets et al. 2013;

Kuznetsov et al. 2016

 
11 December 2001 08:01:00 UT 08:06:00 UT X2.8 12s Radio (Guaribidanur Radioheliograph, Mauritius Radio Telescope) Ramesh et al. 2005  
25 October 2001 14:42:20 UT 14:50:50 X1.3 43s, 47s Hard X-ray (MTI)  Farnik, Karlicky and Svestka 2003  
22 October 2001 17:47:40 UT 17:55:07 UT X1.2 25s Hard X-ray (MTI) Farnik, Karlicky and Svestka 2003  
02 October 2001 17:10 17:18 C4.7 P_1 = 26-31 s and P_2 = 110 s 14-23 keV Yohkoh, HRT Tomczak & Szaforz, 2014  
25 August 2001 16:31:09 UT 16:31:10 UT X5.3 20–100 ms SST 212 GHz flux Makhmutov et al. 2003  
25 August 2001 22:10:00 UT 23:00:00 UT C9.6 40 - 80s White light (Big Bear Solar Observatory) McAteer et al. 2005  
02 May 2001 00:35 UT 00:37 UT M1.8 25s; 50s HXT Yohkoh Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008  
15 April 2001 13:19:00 UT 22:00:00 UT X14.4 Including 64s, 77s, 90s, 98s, 111s, 170s, 300s Radio (Ondrejov), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh) Meszarosova et al. 2006  
06 April 2001 19:18:52 UT 19:18:53 UT X5.6 20–100 ms SST 212 GHz flux Makhmutov et al. 2003  
05 April 2001 08:30 08:49   36 s, 94 s HXT Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
03 April 2001 03:18 UT 03:43 UT X1.2 150 s; 206 s HXT Yohkoh; CGRO BATSE DISCLA Jakimiec et al. 2008  
12 April 2001 09:39:00 UT 10:49:00 UT X2 Including 64s, 93s, 140 s, 160 s, 293 s, 320 s Radio (Ondrejov), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh), Soft X-ray (Yohkoh/SXT)  Meszarosova et al. 2006  
29 March 2001 09:57:00 UT 10:04:00 UT X1.7 48 s Hard X-ray (MTI) Farnik, Karlicky and Svestka 2003  
23 November 2000 05:35:00 UT 05:45:00 UT C5.4 15 s Radio (Guaribidanur Radioheliograph) Ramesh, Kathiravan and Narayanan 2004  
24 November 2000 15:08 15:19   50 s HXT Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
14 July 2000 10:03:00 UT 10:43:00 UT X5.7 Including 61s, 79s, 116s, 147s, 315s, 330s Radio (Ondrejov), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh) Meszarosova et al. 2006  
23 June 2000 22:14 22:31   53 s HXT Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
7 March 2000 19:46 19:53   28 s, 60 s HXT Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
12 January 2000 01:32:00 UT 01:40:00 UT M2.8 8-11s, 14-17s Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh)

Reznikova et al. 2007,

Melnikov et al. 2005, Nakariakov et al. 2003

 
28 August 1999 00:55:00 UT 00:58:00 UT M2.8 2.4s, 7s, 14s Microwave (Nobeyama)  Stepanov et al. 2004  
10 November 1998 00:12:00 UT 00:17:00 UT C7.9 40s Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh)

 Grechnev, White & Kundu 2003, Asai et al. 2001 

 
30 September 1998 13:29 UT 13:38 UT M2.8 140 s; 166 s HXT Yohkoh; CGRO BATSE DISCLA Jakimiec et al. 2008  
18 August 1998 08:18 UT 08:23 UT X2.8

21 s; 28 s

154 s

HXT Yohkoh

Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
28 May 1998 19:02 19:11   49 s HXT Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
8 May 1998 01:55:00 UT 02:00:00 UT M3.1

16s

70 s

Microwave (Nobeyama), Hard X-ray (Yohkoh), CGRO BATSE DISCLA

 Stepanov et al. 2004, Inglis, Nakariakov & Melnikov 2008

Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
6 May 1998 08:02 08:15   36 s HXR, Yohkoh

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
15 Apr 1998 07:40 07:54 C8.8 85 s

25–50, 50 –100 keV

9.4 GHz and 17 GHz

Wu et al., 2005

 
29 Jan 1994 11:20 11:32   28 s, 140 s HXR, Yohkoh

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
16 Jan 1994 23:11 23:21   46 s HXR, Yohkoh

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
27 Sept 1993 12:07 12:17   52 s, 114 s HXR, Yohkoh

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
26 June 1993 03:14 03:30   56 s, 92 s HXR, Yohkoh

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
14 May 1993 21:58 22:10  

Rising phase: 32±4 s

impulsive phase: 31±2 s

impulsive phase: 23 s

HXR, Yohkoh

Jakimiec & Tomczak, 2012

 
12 March 1993 17:52 18:04  

Rising phase: 56±5 s

impulsive phase: 16±1 s

impulsive phase: 26 s

HXR, Yohkoh Jakimiec & Tomczak, 2012  
2 March 1993 21:05 21:30 M5.1

94 ± 8 s (rising phase)

134 s

Yohkoh HXT, GOES, Compton Gamma Ray Observatory

Jakimiec & Tomczak, 2014

 
22 Nov 1992 23:07 23:13   27 s HXR, Yohkoh

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
5 November 1992 06:15 UT 06:25 UT M2.0

6 s

6 and 12 s

NoRH, NoRP, Yohkoh/HXT

hard X-ray and microwave

  Goldvarg et al. 2013

Tsap et al. 2013

 
5 October 1992 09:24:00 UT 09:27:00 UT M2

4s, 28s

39 s, 68 s

Radio (Ondrejov, Zurich), Hard X-ray

HXR, Yohkoh

 Kliem, Karlicky and Benz 2000

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
6 September 1992 06:54 07:03   43 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
20 August, 1992 09:03 UT 09:28   39 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
28 June 1992 13:54 UT 14:00 UT M1.6 56 s; 66 s CGRO BATSE DISCLA, HXT Yohkoh

Jakimiec & Tomczak 2008

Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015

 
17 February 1992 08:00:00 UT 12:00:00 UT C4.1 ? 180 s Radio Chernov et al., 1998  
6 February 1992 03:16 03:27   30 s, 55 s, 81 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
18 December 1991 10:27 10:33   60 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
17 November 1991 18:33 18:37   21 s, 55 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
10 November 1991 20:05 20:12   36 s, 102 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
02 November 1991 15:32 17:00 M4.8

rising phase: 129±3 s

impulsive: 164 s

decay phase: 115±10 s

HXR, SXR, Yohkoh Jakimiez & Tomczak, 2013  
31 October 1991 09:08 09:13   35 s, 55 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
24 October 1991 22:33 22:50   82 s HXR, Yohkoh Szaforz & Tomczak, 2015  
11 July 1991 09:30:00 UT 12:00:00 UT - Including 35s, 30s, 24s, 19s Radio (Crimean Astrophysical Observatory) Baranov and Tsvetkov, 1994  
20 April 1991 08:30:00 UT 10:15:00 UT X1.0 3min, 5min White light Jain and Tripathy, 1998  
10 June 1990 ? ? - 143s X-ray (Granat Observatory)  Terekhov et al. 2002  
23 May 1990 04:01 04:51 M8.7 1.5 s, 40 s Nanjing, Beijing, 2.84, 9.375, 15 GHz Qin, Li, Fu, Gao, 1996  
15 November 1989 06:40:00 UT 07:28:00 UT X3.2 3min, 5min White light Jain and Tripathy, 1998  
14 November 1988 14:30:00 UT 15:13:00 UT - 12s Radio (Trieste Astronomical Observatory)  Zlobec et al. 1992  
22 June 1989 14:44 UT 14:50 UT C8.4 2-4s

HXR (SMM)

dm (PHOENIX)


Aschwanden et al. 1993
 
6 September 1981 23:53:00 UT 23:54:00 UT - 2.5s Hard X-ray (Solar Maximum Mission) Desai et al. 1987   
7 June 1980 03:12:00 UT 03:13:30 UT - 8s Microwave (Nobeyama and Toyokawa Observatories), X-rays (ISEE-3 and P78-1) Kane et al. 1983, Kiplinger et al. 1983  
6 November 1979 08:38:00 UT 08:39:00 UT - 2s, 6s Hard X-ray (Venera 12) Desai et al. 1987   
3 December 1978 20:30:00 UT 20:32:00 UT - 1.7s, 0.8s Hard X-ray (Venera 12, Prognoz 7) Bogovalov et al. 1983, Desai et al. 1987  
22 September 1978 11:56:00 UT 13:30:00 UT - 2.1s - 2.4s Radio Urpo et al. 1981  
12 April 1977 09:50:00 UT 10:30:00 UT - 60s Radio Trottet, Pick and Heyvaerts, 1979  
29 September 1968 09:30:00 UT 09:39:00 UT - 1.7s Radio  Abrami, 1970  
8 August 1968 18:15:20 UT 18:18:00 UT - 16s Microwave (Sigamore Hill Radio Obs.), X-rays Parks and Winckler 1969