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2 Earth-sized bodies with oxygen rich atmospheres found- but they’re stars not planets

Astrophysicists find two Earth-sized bodies with oxygen rich atmospheres - only snag is they’re stars not planets

  One of the White Dwarf stars -image from Sloan Digital Sky SurveyAstrophysicists at the University of Warwick and Kiel University have discovered two earth sized bodies with oxygen rich atmospheres – however there is a bit of a disappointing snag for anyone looking for a potential home for alien life, or even a future home for ourselves, as they are not planets but are actually two unusual white dwarf stars.

The two white dwarf stars SDSS 0922+2928 and SDSS 1102+2054 are 400 and 220 light years from Earth. They are both the remnants of massive stars that are at the end of their stellar evolution having consumed all the material they had available for nuclear fusion.

Theoretical models suggest that massive stars (around 7 – 10 times the mass of our own Sun)  will consume all of their hydrogen, helium and carbon, and end their lives either as white dwarfs with very oxygen-rich cores, or undergo a supernova and collapse into neutron stars. Finding such oxygen-rich white dwarfs would be an important confirmation of the models.

Unfortunately, almost all white dwarfs have hydrogen and/or helium envelopes that, while low in mass, are sufficiently thick to shield the core from direct view. However should such a core lose its remaining hydrogen envelope, astrophysicists could then detect an extremely oxygen-rich spectrum from the surface of the white dwarf.

Searching within an astronomical data set of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the University of Warwick and Kiel University astrophysicists did indeed discover two white dwarfs with large atmospheric oxygen abundances.

Lead author on the paper, astrophysicist Dr. Boris Gänsicke from the University of Warwick, said:

“These  surface abundances of oxygen  imply that these are white dwarfs displaying their bare oxygen-neon cores, and that they may have descended from the most massive progenitors stars in that class.”

Most stellar models producing white dwarfs with such oxygen and neon cores also predict that a sufficiently thick carbon-rich layer should surround the core and avoid upward diffusion of large amounts of oxygen. However,  calculations also show that the thickness of this layer decreases  the closer the progenitor star is to upper mass limit for stars ending their lives as white dwarfs.  Hence one possibility for the formation of SDSS 0922+2928 and SDSS 1102+2054 is that they descended from the most massive stars avoiding core-collapse, in which case they would be expected to be very massive themselves. However current data is insufficient to provide any unambiguous measure of the masses of these two unusual white dwarves.

The full paper “Two white dwarfs with oxygen-rich atmospheres” will be published online by the journal  Science on November 12th 2009  at 2pm EST  and is written by ,  Jonathan Girven, Professor Tom Marsh, and Dr Danny  Steeghs all of Department of Physics at  University of Warwick in the UK and  Detlev Koester of the  University of Kiel in Germany.

Full paper avaible from: http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.2246or or Copies of the Science paper are available to reporters from the AAAS Office of Public - contact +1-202-326-6440 or scipak@aaas.org

  Dr Boris Gänsicke - University of Warwick




 

 

   

 

For further information please contact:        

Dr Boris Gänsicke, Department of Physics 
University of Warwick   +44 (0)2476 574741  
Boris.Gaensicke@warwick.ac.uk

Peter Dunn, Head of Communications
Communications Office, University of Warwick,  
+44 (0)24 76 523708 or +44 (0)7767 655860
email: p.j.dunn@warwick.ac.uk

PR124 PJD  12th November 2009